Decentralized Greedy-Based Algorithm for Smart Energy Management in Plug-in Electric Vehicle Energy Distribution Systems

Variations in electricity tariffs arising due to stochastic demand loads on the power grids have stimulated research in finding optimal charging/discharging scheduling solutions for electric vehicles (EVs). Most of the current EV scheduling solutions are either centralized, which suffer from low reliability and high complexity, while existing decentralized solutions do not facilitate the efficient scheduling of on-move EVs in large-scale networks considering a smart energy distribution system. Motivated by smart cities applications, we consider in this paper the optimal scheduling of EVs in a geographically large-scale smart energy distribution system where EVs have the flexibility of charging/discharging at spatially-deployed smart charging stations (CSs) operated by individual aggregators. In such a scenario, we define the social welfare maximization problem as the total profit of both supply and demand sides in the form of a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model. Due to the intractability, we then propose an online decentralized algorithm with low complexity which utilizes effective heuristics to forward each EV to the most profitable CS in a smart manner. Results of simulations on the IEEE 37 bus distribution network verify that the proposed algorithm improves the social welfare by about 30% on average with respect to an alternative scheduling strategy under the equal participation of EVs in charging and discharging operations. Considering the best-case performance where only EV profit maximization is concerned, our solution also achieves upto 20% improvement in flatting the final electricity load. Furthermore, the results reveal the existence of an optimal number of CSs and an optimal vehicle-to-grid penetration threshold for which the overall profit can be maximized. Our findings serve as guidelines for V2G system designers in smart city scenarios to plan a cost-effective strategy for large-scale EVs distributed energy management

Runway exit designs for capacity improvement demonstrations. Phase 2: Computer model development

The development is described of a computer simulation/optimization model to: (1) estimate the optimal locations of existing and proposed runway turnoffs; and (2) estimate the geometric design requirements associated with newly developed high speed turnoffs. The model described, named REDIM 2.0, represents a stand alone application to be used by airport planners, designers, and researchers alike to estimate optimal turnoff locations. The main procedures are described in detail which are implemented in the software package and possible applications are illustrated when using 6 major runway scenarios. The main output of the computer program is the estimation of the weighted average runway occupancy time for a user defined aircraft population. Also, the location and geometric characteristics of each turnoff are provided to the user

Circulatory autoantibodies against hyaluronic acid binding proteins: A novel serum biomarker

Objective: Circulating autoantibodies have been extensively investigated as possible markers for early diagnosis of cancer. The present study was carried out to investigate whether anti-HABPs autoantibodies could be classified as a serum biomarker for malignant tumors. Methods: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot was used to detect anti-HABPs autoantibodies in sera from 99 patients with various types of cancers and 50 healthy subjects matched by age and gender. Result: Our results clearly indicated that patients with cancer have significant higher circulating levels of anti-HABPs antibodies as compared to control subjects (\textless 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic plot test has exhibited 91.9% sensitivity and 76.3% specificity. Conclusion: anti-HABPs autoantibodies are promising biomarker for malignant tumors and could play a role in the development of multimarker assay for the early detection of cancer. Abbreviations: HABPs, hyaluronic acid binding proteins; ELISA, enzyme linked immune sorbent assay; AAbs, autoantibodies; BSA, bovine serum albumin; HA, hyaluronic acid; bHA, biotinlyted hyaluronic acid; ROC, receiver operating characteristics; AUC, area under curve; TAA, tumor associated antigen; ABTS, 2,2'azino bis (3ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulphonic acid); MES buffer, 2 (N morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid; EDC,1 Ethyl 3 (3 dimethylamino propyl) carbodiimide; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride; ECL, enhanced chemiluminescence

Ethereum blockchain-based peer-to-peer energy trading platform

Blockchain is one of the emerging security technologies that have enormous potential in diverse sectors such as financial organization, academic institutions, national government, business sphere. In this paper, we focus on the application of blockchain systems in the energy industry addressing potential challenges and limitations in this area. The deployment of the proliferation of distributed energy resources requires an efficient and reliable transactive energy (TE) management system in terms of peer-to-peer energy trading. Independence of the energy management system from financial transactions can cause an insecure and vulnerable energy exchange environment. The proposed system design focuses on eliminating gaps in the security by the integration of decentralized application technology with the TE management and Multi-Agent System. The paper discusses the Ethereum blockchain-based peer-to-peer energy trading platform based on the enforced smart contract that controls both financial transactions and energy interchange operations for power trading systems

Experimental study of dry desliming iron ore tailings by air classification

Techniques for dry processing low-grade iron ores and tailings are being investigated. Dry desliming tests using a rotating wheel air classifier and factorial design were performed on a difficult-to-treat low-grade high-goethite Australian iron ore tailings. The results were compared with theoretically ideal size separation and a hydrocyclone desliming study using the same tailings. The air classifier performance was poorer than the hydrocyclone due to agglomerated particles in the feed, including fines coating coarser particles. The "fish hook" effect was observed and discussed. After dry desliming, the silica and alumina contents of a selected product were 30% and 26% lower, respectively